1C31150G01
1．PLC的類型
PLC按結(jié)構(gòu)分為整體型和模塊型兩類，按應(yīng)用環(huán)境分為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝和控制室安裝兩類；按CPU字長(zhǎng)分為1位、4位、8位、16位、32位、64位等。從應(yīng)用角度出發(fā)，通?？砂纯刂乒δ芑蜉斎胼敵鳇c(diǎn)數(shù)選型。整體型PLC的I/O點(diǎn)數(shù)固定，因此用戶選擇的余地較小，用于小型控制系統(tǒng)；模塊型PLC提供多種I/O卡件或插卡，因此用戶可較合理地選擇和配置控制系統(tǒng)的I/O點(diǎn)數(shù)，功能擴(kuò)展方便靈活，一般用于大中型控制系統(tǒng)。
2．輸入輸出模塊的選擇
輸入輸出模塊的選擇應(yīng)考慮與應(yīng)用要求的統(tǒng)一。例如對(duì)輸入模塊，應(yīng)考慮信號(hào)電平、信號(hào)傳輸距離、信號(hào)隔離、信號(hào)供電方式等應(yīng)用要求。對(duì)輸出模塊，應(yīng)考慮選用的輸出模塊類型，通常繼電器輸出模塊具有價(jià)格低、使用電壓范圍廣、壽命短、響應(yīng)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)等特點(diǎn)；可控硅輸出模塊適用于開(kāi)關(guān)頻繁，電感性低功率因數(shù)負(fù)荷場(chǎng)合，但價(jià)格較貴，過(guò)載能力較差。輸出模塊還有直流輸出、交流輸出和模擬量輸出等，與應(yīng)用要求應(yīng)一致。可根據(jù)應(yīng)用要求，合理選用智能型輸入輸出模塊，以便提高控制水平和降低應(yīng)用成本?？紤]是否需要擴(kuò)展機(jī)架或遠(yuǎn)程I/O機(jī)架等。
3.電源的選擇
PLC的供電電源，除了引進(jìn)設(shè)備時(shí)同時(shí)引進(jìn)PLC應(yīng)根據(jù)產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書要求設(shè)計(jì)和選用外，一般PLC的供電電源應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)選用220VAC電源，與國(guó)內(nèi)電網(wǎng)電壓一致。重要的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合，應(yīng)采用不間斷電源或穩(wěn)壓電源供電。如果PLC本身帶有可使用電源時(shí)，應(yīng)核對(duì)提供的電流是否滿足應(yīng)用要求，否則應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)外接供電電源。為防止外部高壓電源因誤操作而引入PLC，對(duì)輸入和輸出信號(hào)的隔離是必要的，有時(shí)也可采用簡(jiǎn)單的二極管或熔絲管隔離。
4.存儲(chǔ)器的選擇
由于計(jì)算機(jī)集成芯片技術(shù)的發(fā)展，存儲(chǔ)器的價(jià)格已下降，因此，為保證應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目的正常投運(yùn)，一般要求PLC的存儲(chǔ)器容量，按256個(gè)I/O點(diǎn)至少選8K存儲(chǔ)器選擇。需要復(fù)雜控制功能時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇容量更大，檔次更高的存儲(chǔ)器。
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